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BeginnerConjunctions

Learn Basic Conjunctions (and, but, or, because) in English

Join words and clauses using the most common English conjunctions.

Learning goal
Recognize and use this pattern in context.
Practice
10 randomized questions with explanations.
Suggested workflow
Study the examples, then take the quiz.

Grammar Focus

Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, and clauses together. The four most common conjunctions in English are and, but, or, and because. Learning to use them correctly lets you build longer, more natural sentences.

  • Use and to add information or join two similar ideas: "I like tea and coffee."
  • Use but to show a contrast or exception: "She is tall but her brother is short."
  • Use or to show a choice between two or more options: "Do you want juice or water?"
  • Use because to give a reason or cause: "I was late because the bus broke down."
  • These conjunctions can join single words, phrases, or complete clauses (subject + verb).
  • Because always introduces a reason clause and answers the question "Why?"

Form & Structure

Additive and Contrast

and (addition), but (contrast/exception)
I like pizza and pasta.
He speaks English and French fluently.
She worked hard but she did not pass the exam.
The bag is small but very expensive.
We wanted to go to the beach but it was raining.

Choice and Reason

or (choice/alternative), because (reason/cause)
Would you like tea or coffee?
You can call me or send an email.
I stayed home because I was feeling ill.
She smiled because she was happy.
Is the answer A, B, or C?

Joining Clauses

clause + conjunction + clause
I finished my homework and then I watched TV.
He tried his best but the result was disappointing.
You can take the bus or you can walk to the station.
They cancelled the event because too few people signed up.

Common Mistakes

Using 'because' at the start of a sentence without a main clause

Because I was tired.
I went to bed early because I was tired.

Tip: A 'because' clause cannot stand alone — it must be attached to a main clause that gives the full meaning.

Using 'but' and 'however' together

I like chocolate, but however I don't eat it often.
I like chocolate, but I don't eat it often.

Tip: 'But' and 'however' both show contrast. Use one or the other, never both in the same sentence.

Confusing 'or' and 'and' in negative sentences

I don't like tea and coffee.
I don't like tea or coffee.

Tip: In negative sentences, use 'or' instead of 'and' to list items: 'I don't eat fish or meat.'

Why This Grammar Matters

Talking about preferences and choices

“Do you prefer cats or dogs?”
“I love hiking and cycling — both are great exercise.”
“I'd like a coffee, but please make it decaf.”

Explaining reasons and decisions

“I left work early because I had a doctor's appointment.”
“She chose that university because it has an excellent engineering programme.”
“We took a taxi because the last train had already gone.”

Describing people, places, and things

“The hotel room was clean and comfortable.”
“The restaurant was cheap but the food was delicious.”
“You can pay by card or in cash.”

Everyday conversation and writing

“I went to the shop and bought some bread and milk.”
“He called twice but nobody answered.”
“Would you like to come in or shall I meet you outside?”